Basically, today we went through our common test papers. Although I have no idea how most of us did, Ms J said that on the whole we did really well, considering that we were graded on our blog posts, our presentations (when we became teachers) and many others.
I am very happy with my geography results, and I hope the rest of you also are satisfied with your results. If you are, congratulations! If you are not, 加油! Try again next term!
As I reflect on how I study and so on, I realized that I have learnt a lot through how I study and there are many things that I should improve on. Here are three of them.
1. We should start revising early. This applies to other subjects too. We should not squeeze everything at the last minute. Everyday revision also helps. My dad says that if we don’t revise what we have learnt on that day, we would have forgotten most of it the next day.
2. Sleeping too late is not a good thing to do. Your brain needs enough rest to get ready for the next day. If we are too tired, we will not be able to concentrate during the exam.
3. Start memorising early. Geography has so much such to memorise. Sigh. So I realised that the best thing to do would be spread out all the things that we need to memorise and start early. If we try memorising all of it the night before, it would be very tough to squeeze it all into your brain. Besides, nobody guarantees that all of it would come back the next day! Plus, it might stay in our head for a long time, and we will need to revise it again to make sure that it stays in our head. We don’t study just for the exam itself but also for the next few years of our secondary school life.
Reflection on what have affected our results both positively and negatively might benefit us so that during the next time we study for the next exam, we know what to do and what not to do, what to change in terms of how we study. For Jimmy Dean once said, “I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.” To me, in this case, the direction of the wind is the test, the sails mean the way we study and the destination is our results. So, I hope that all the points I have given to you will help you start on your revision.
God bless!
Friday, May 20, 2011
Friday, May 13, 2011
Yesterday, we started studying about a fascinating case study on the ‘River Nile’. I like to call it ‘Mission: Nile’, because of the word ‘case’ in ‘case study’ reminds me of detectives work. Which means that we are detectives in ‘Mission: Nile’ researching for clues and facts. And that is what I have done in the Internet.
Okay, let’s start with the positive impacts. After going through all the positive impacts, Chrystal came up with a question that was really quite mind blogging, and needed some research to find clues for the answer in the ‘crime scene’- the Internet. The question is ‘How do water theme parks waste water?’ Well, after research, I decided to use one water theme park- The Waveyard.
According to http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21897687/, The Waveyard uses 50 million gallons of water at first to fill its artificial oceans and rivers. Replenishing water lost to evaporation and spillage requires another 60 to 100 million gallons per year, enough to support about 1,200 people in the Phoenix area. That is a lot. A LOT. The Phoenix area is the sixth most populated city in the United States, having 1,445,632 people according to the official 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data. Most of all, it is a desert. That is really using water for our own enjoyment but not thinking of the people. For your information, they opened in 2010. You can visit their website, http://www.waveyard.com/.
Another thing that came up during class was about white water rafting. Nobody knew how white water rafting really felt except for Nicole and Ms J, and you’ll never know until you watch this video!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1B66vSNnsaw
Now about the River Nile. More interesting clues taken from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nile-river-facts.html!
· The Nile originates in Burundi, which is located South of the Equator and then flows across Northeastern Africa, finally crossing Egypt and then drains into the Mediterranean Sea.
· It is one of the longest rivers in the world; it used to be the longest but recent studies suggest that Amazon River can be longer than Nile. The length of the river is approximately 6695 km and the river has two tributaries.
· Only 22% of the river passes through Egypt, the other countries through which Nile passes are Sudan, Burundi, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania.
· The cities that Nile flows past are Cairo, Khartoum, Gondokoro, Aswan, Karnak, Thebes and the town of Alexandria.
· River Nile has two tributaries namely the Blue Nile and the White Nile; the volume of water of Nile is mostly determined by the Blue Nile, which contributes more than 50% of the water of the Nile River but then fertility wise, both the tributaries contribute considerably. In fact White Nile is called so because it appears white due to the presence of silt. White Nile originates at Lake Victoria and then the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, joins in Sudan and proceeds northwards.
· The source of the river is debatable since it is commonly known that the source of the river is Lake Victoria, which is the biggest lake in Africa, but it is observed that on the northern side of the lake there is a waterfall called Ripon Falls, which has a small opening and seemingly that is where the water in the River Nile comes from but then this cannot be held as the ultimate truth since there are many rivers that flow into Lake Victoria therefore which one of these or if all of them are the sources of The Nile. Presently River Kagera and its tributary, which is called Ruvubu whose headwaters are in Burundi, are considered to be the source of the River Nile.
· Nile also played an important in the building if the famous Pyramids since the blocks of stone, which were used to make these pyramids, were actually transported from the source to the site with the help of Nile.
One of the positive impacts of rivers is transportation. The last point proves that rivers aren’t just used to transport humans from one place to another. They are also used to transport things for humans. Another example is using rivers to transport tree trunks from one place along a river to another place.
Well, I suppose that wasn’t a bad start to ‘Mission: Nile’!
Okay, let’s start with the positive impacts. After going through all the positive impacts, Chrystal came up with a question that was really quite mind blogging, and needed some research to find clues for the answer in the ‘crime scene’- the Internet. The question is ‘How do water theme parks waste water?’ Well, after research, I decided to use one water theme park- The Waveyard.
According to http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21897687/, The Waveyard uses 50 million gallons of water at first to fill its artificial oceans and rivers. Replenishing water lost to evaporation and spillage requires another 60 to 100 million gallons per year, enough to support about 1,200 people in the Phoenix area. That is a lot. A LOT. The Phoenix area is the sixth most populated city in the United States, having 1,445,632 people according to the official 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data. Most of all, it is a desert. That is really using water for our own enjoyment but not thinking of the people. For your information, they opened in 2010. You can visit their website, http://www.waveyard.com/.
Another thing that came up during class was about white water rafting. Nobody knew how white water rafting really felt except for Nicole and Ms J, and you’ll never know until you watch this video!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1B66vSNnsaw
Now about the River Nile. More interesting clues taken from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nile-river-facts.html!
· The Nile originates in Burundi, which is located South of the Equator and then flows across Northeastern Africa, finally crossing Egypt and then drains into the Mediterranean Sea.
· It is one of the longest rivers in the world; it used to be the longest but recent studies suggest that Amazon River can be longer than Nile. The length of the river is approximately 6695 km and the river has two tributaries.
· Only 22% of the river passes through Egypt, the other countries through which Nile passes are Sudan, Burundi, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania.
· The cities that Nile flows past are Cairo, Khartoum, Gondokoro, Aswan, Karnak, Thebes and the town of Alexandria.
· River Nile has two tributaries namely the Blue Nile and the White Nile; the volume of water of Nile is mostly determined by the Blue Nile, which contributes more than 50% of the water of the Nile River but then fertility wise, both the tributaries contribute considerably. In fact White Nile is called so because it appears white due to the presence of silt. White Nile originates at Lake Victoria and then the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, joins in Sudan and proceeds northwards.
· The source of the river is debatable since it is commonly known that the source of the river is Lake Victoria, which is the biggest lake in Africa, but it is observed that on the northern side of the lake there is a waterfall called Ripon Falls, which has a small opening and seemingly that is where the water in the River Nile comes from but then this cannot be held as the ultimate truth since there are many rivers that flow into Lake Victoria therefore which one of these or if all of them are the sources of The Nile. Presently River Kagera and its tributary, which is called Ruvubu whose headwaters are in Burundi, are considered to be the source of the River Nile.
· Nile also played an important in the building if the famous Pyramids since the blocks of stone, which were used to make these pyramids, were actually transported from the source to the site with the help of Nile.
One of the positive impacts of rivers is transportation. The last point proves that rivers aren’t just used to transport humans from one place to another. They are also used to transport things for humans. Another example is using rivers to transport tree trunks from one place along a river to another place.
Well, I suppose that wasn’t a bad start to ‘Mission: Nile’!
Monday, May 2, 2011
Week 6: Geography
On Friday of week 6, Miss J gave us some questions for us to answer to revise and recall what we have been taught so far. The following will be the questions given.
1. What is a drainage basin? How is it different from a watershed?
2. Explain the differences between the process of erosion and deposition.
3. Describe the characteristics of floodplains and explain its formation.
4. What are deltas?
Miss J pointed out some misinterpretations. Basically, a drainage basin is a land area on which a river flows, and a watershed will be an imaginary boundary separating one drainage basin from another. Next, the definition of erosion will be the wearing down of surfaces with the assistance of wind or water (etc.). Deposition will be the release or dropping off of sediments by water to attain river equilibrium. Moreover, a floodplain is a broad, low-lying land made from the accumulation of deposited sediments overtime. The river with a lot of energy will overflow its banks, the water spread will lose energy and hence, deposition takes place with the coarse and heavier sediments first, followed by the fine and lighter sediments. Furthermore, deltas are the accumulation of sediments at the river mouth near the distributaries.
REVISION!!!!!
Our term two common tests are approaching. So let us revise what we had learnt so far. Let’s start with the continents. There are a total of seven continents: North America, South America, Antarctica, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia. Next up, there are five main oceans. They are the Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Now, there are some plates we need to remember. They are the Pacific Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, Nazca Plate, Caribbean Plate, Antarctic Plate, European Plate, Arabian Plate, Indo-Australian Plate and the Philippine plate. Okay, now let’s locate where some fold mountains are in the world. The Andes Mountains are located in South America, the Appalachian Mountains are located in North America, the Himalayan Mountains are located in Asia and the Alps are located in Europe. Moreover, the Great Dividing Range is located in Australia. Does anyone remember how do Fold Mountains form? They are formed from the collision of two plates which links back to plate movement and the formation of volcanoes as well. When two plates collide, they may result in being forced upwards and hence series of folds form. Hence we have our fold mountains! Nevertheless, we have vulcanicity. What is it? It is the process in which magma and other materials reach the Earth’s surface. A volcano eruption is a release pressure, never an explosion! It releases into the air magma and gases. What are the parts of a volcano? They are the magma chamber, the main vent, side vent, the crater, the whole pipe that leads to the opening and the summit. Volcanoes are formed overtime when layers of magma accumulate and harden. They are mainly found on plate boundaries. They can also be formed from subductions. Now, the MAIN components to the physical environment will be the weather and climate, rivers, lakes and oceans, natural vegetation and rocks and landforms.
Now let’s revise on the recent topic rivers and environments. There are three main parts to the river system. The upper course, middle course and the lower course. All rivers start at the river source and end at the river mouth. Tributaries are lakes and streams that join the main river channel and distributaries are like tubes that lead the main flow of water into the oceans. Meanders are formed when the river erodes sideways and deposits its sediments it is carrying in the opposite direction. A valley is a low area between hills and mountains. The main thing for this chapter will be ENERGY. As long as the river has energy, it will flow. Even from lowland to highland, it can still flow. The river always tries to achieve river equilibrium. When the river does not have enough energy, it will go through the process deposition. If the river has too much energy, it will find ways to get rid of some of its energy. A river with energy can chiefly do three things. Erosion, Transportation and Deposition. A waterfall is a vertical flow of fast-moving water falling from a great height. It is also part of the river system. It is made from erosions. The waterfall will have a bigger plunge pool every time erosion takes place.
1. What is a drainage basin? How is it different from a watershed?
2. Explain the differences between the process of erosion and deposition.
3. Describe the characteristics of floodplains and explain its formation.
4. What are deltas?
Miss J pointed out some misinterpretations. Basically, a drainage basin is a land area on which a river flows, and a watershed will be an imaginary boundary separating one drainage basin from another. Next, the definition of erosion will be the wearing down of surfaces with the assistance of wind or water (etc.). Deposition will be the release or dropping off of sediments by water to attain river equilibrium. Moreover, a floodplain is a broad, low-lying land made from the accumulation of deposited sediments overtime. The river with a lot of energy will overflow its banks, the water spread will lose energy and hence, deposition takes place with the coarse and heavier sediments first, followed by the fine and lighter sediments. Furthermore, deltas are the accumulation of sediments at the river mouth near the distributaries.
REVISION!!!!!
Our term two common tests are approaching. So let us revise what we had learnt so far. Let’s start with the continents. There are a total of seven continents: North America, South America, Antarctica, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia. Next up, there are five main oceans. They are the Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Now, there are some plates we need to remember. They are the Pacific Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, Nazca Plate, Caribbean Plate, Antarctic Plate, European Plate, Arabian Plate, Indo-Australian Plate and the Philippine plate. Okay, now let’s locate where some fold mountains are in the world. The Andes Mountains are located in South America, the Appalachian Mountains are located in North America, the Himalayan Mountains are located in Asia and the Alps are located in Europe. Moreover, the Great Dividing Range is located in Australia. Does anyone remember how do Fold Mountains form? They are formed from the collision of two plates which links back to plate movement and the formation of volcanoes as well. When two plates collide, they may result in being forced upwards and hence series of folds form. Hence we have our fold mountains! Nevertheless, we have vulcanicity. What is it? It is the process in which magma and other materials reach the Earth’s surface. A volcano eruption is a release pressure, never an explosion! It releases into the air magma and gases. What are the parts of a volcano? They are the magma chamber, the main vent, side vent, the crater, the whole pipe that leads to the opening and the summit. Volcanoes are formed overtime when layers of magma accumulate and harden. They are mainly found on plate boundaries. They can also be formed from subductions. Now, the MAIN components to the physical environment will be the weather and climate, rivers, lakes and oceans, natural vegetation and rocks and landforms.
Now let’s revise on the recent topic rivers and environments. There are three main parts to the river system. The upper course, middle course and the lower course. All rivers start at the river source and end at the river mouth. Tributaries are lakes and streams that join the main river channel and distributaries are like tubes that lead the main flow of water into the oceans. Meanders are formed when the river erodes sideways and deposits its sediments it is carrying in the opposite direction. A valley is a low area between hills and mountains. The main thing for this chapter will be ENERGY. As long as the river has energy, it will flow. Even from lowland to highland, it can still flow. The river always tries to achieve river equilibrium. When the river does not have enough energy, it will go through the process deposition. If the river has too much energy, it will find ways to get rid of some of its energy. A river with energy can chiefly do three things. Erosion, Transportation and Deposition. A waterfall is a vertical flow of fast-moving water falling from a great height. It is also part of the river system. It is made from erosions. The waterfall will have a bigger plunge pool every time erosion takes place.
Friday, April 22, 2011
River Landforms
We have moved on from rivers to river landforms!
We started the lesson (21 April 2011) with a recap of what we have learnt the previous lesson,
which is, what is erosion (a process of wearing down), transportation and deposition (the dropping of sediments in order to regain back energy). Among all theses processes, erosion takes up the most energy. We then went on to answer the question Ms J asked us in the previous lesson, 'How do you think waterfalls, valleys, floodplains, deltas, distributaries and meanders are formed?' We started with waterfalls first. Ms J told us to try and see if we knew how they were formed. After a while, Chrystal, Nicole and I came up with an answer. We knew it has something got to do with erosion. Our explanation- it was a slope at first, then as the water flowed down, the water erodes the sides. To help you understand what we had in mind, check out a drawing I 'drew':
Blue-water, brown- original slope, purple to yellow- process, green- now
I thought it was quite an explanation. However, like always, geography isn't easy and clear-cut. It turns out that the correct explanation is:
We started the lesson (21 April 2011) with a recap of what we have learnt the previous lesson,
which is, what is erosion (a process of wearing down), transportation and deposition (the dropping of sediments in order to regain back energy). Among all theses processes, erosion takes up the most energy. We then went on to answer the question Ms J asked us in the previous lesson, 'How do you think waterfalls, valleys, floodplains, deltas, distributaries and meanders are formed?' We started with waterfalls first. Ms J told us to try and see if we knew how they were formed. After a while, Chrystal, Nicole and I came up with an answer. We knew it has something got to do with erosion. Our explanation- it was a slope at first, then as the water flowed down, the water erodes the sides. To help you understand what we had in mind, check out a drawing I 'drew':
Blue-water, brown- original slope, purple to yellow- process, green- nowI thought it was quite an explanation. However, like always, geography isn't easy and clear-cut. It turns out that the correct explanation is:
Okay, so it's like this- believe it or not, it is actually a rock at first. Not just any rock, though. It has to be a rock with different layers, soft and hard. Yes, there is such a thing. Anyway, the water erodes the rock. Obviously the easiest to erode is on the soft rock layers. so it erodes and creates what you see in the diagram. There are some parts that are missing, though. Do you know where is the plunge pool, overhang and notch are? Yes, the plunge pool is the place where there is what looks like a swimming pool under, in the diagram, the place labeled soft rock layer. The overhang is the point which the watyer flows down, and the notch is the place where, in the diagram, seems 'untouched' by the falling water.Cool, right?
I found interesting websites while doing my research, and they are relevant to geography. Check them out!
All the best for the upcoming Common Tests!
Sunday, April 17, 2011
More About The Water Cycle
In term 2 week four, Miss J explained a bit more about the Hydrologic cycle. Before that, I will point out the processes that get involved in the Hydrologic cycle. First, Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Interception, Infiltration, Surface Run Off and then Ground Water Flow. Interception, Infiltration, Surface Run Off and Ground Water Flow are new terms to us. Moreover, we will explain more about them. For Interception, it is the flow of water down the leaves, trees, branches, trunks or even houses and it is actually the process in which an obstacle prevents the water to flow directly down to Earth. For Infiltration, it is the process in which water permeates through the ground. This also has a link to the next term we have been introduced to, Surface Run Off. Surface Run Off is where the water flow on the surface of the ground. The speed of the flow can be determined by the steepness of the slope. If the slope is steep, the Surface Run Off will be faster, therefore leaving lesser time for the water to infiltrate into the ground, hence, the plants are unable to absorb much water. If the slope is quite gentle, the result will be vice versa. However, the rate of the infiltration is also affected by the permeability of the soil. How about Ground Water Flow then? It is the process where water flows under ground. The MAIN thing that keeps a river flowing will be ENERGY. As long as the river has energy, it will still continue to flow. One main misconception that Miss J had told us about will be that students always think that rivers MUST AND ONLY flow from highland when a river can also flow from lowland as it has energy. The speed of liquid is called vilocity. To compare a relationship, we must have at least two variables. To have a direct relationship, if the volume of the river increases, the energy will also increase. However, if the volume of the river increases but the energy decreases it is called an inverse relationship. All rivers try to achieve a process called EQUILIBRIUM. It is a process in which a river tries to have just enough energy to flow. If it has too much energy, it will find ways to get rid of it. If it has a weak flow, it will try to deposit the sediments it contains so that it has more energy to flow. Three main factors that affect the river's amount of energy will be firstly, the gradient of the slope, obstacles, (e.g. trees, rocks) or the amount and size of sediments. The amount of river energy allows it to cause EROSION, TRANSPORTATION AND DEPOSITION. Moreover, water shape landforms as well, which links back to our previous topic, Landforms. Did you know? Waterfalls are also part of the river system. In fact, it is quite big. Some examples will be the Victoria falls, Nigera falls. The path the river flows through is called the river channel. There are parts to a river system. There is the beginning, where it is known as the upper course, then there will be the middle course, lastly there will be the end, which is also known as the lower course. Other parts to the river system will be the tributaries, confluence and the river mouth. They are also new terms introduced to us. The tributaries are lakes or rapids. They all meet up at the confluence, the point where they meet. Then, they will all flow through the main river channel. After the lower course, the channel will end at the river mouth, where the river opens into the ocean. To sum it up, the river system is a body of water. Next, we learnt about the drainage basin, it is the land area that the river system lies in. And the watershed is an imaginary boundary that separates one drainage basin from the other. Did you know? River can flow from lowland to uphill as well. However, we still cannot find which river is it that has this amazing feature. Can anyone tell us?
Sunday, April 10, 2011
In the third week
I just want to add on to what to the previous post that we learnt some things new in the third week. Miss J had done a short revision with us about landforms to round up this topic and we covered the basic topic of physical environment again. There four components to the physical environment. Do you know what are they? They are landforms and rocks, rivers and lakes, weather and climate, and natural vegetation. We need to understand that there are interrelationships between these components. She revised that other than creating volcanoes, when plates converge, they can also create fold mountains. A fold mountain is formed when ssome of the layer of rock which make up the Earth's crust buckle and form folds. They are found in the Himalayas, the Appalachhian Mountains in North America, the Andes in South America and the Alps in Europe. Talking about mountains, we all know that they are part of landforms, but do we know the others? The others include:
A Hill, an area of high ground, usually less than 600 metres high. It is typically rounded in shape and has gentle slopes.
A Valley, also known as a depresion, is a low area of land between hills or mountains.
A Plain, a broad flat and low area of land.
Plateau is a generally raised area of land with a fairly flat, braod top and steep slopes.
Furthermore, Miss J also introduced briefly on our next topic. Riverss and Environments. Do you know? 97% of the water on the Earth's surface is salt water and the rest will be fresh water. She also introduced the term HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE to us. The cycle consists of several processes.
Saturday, April 9, 2011
The next 2 weeks...
This blog post is summarising what we have done for the last 2 weeks' lessons. Basically, Ms J told us that we were to become little teachers- we had to teach the class one topic that Ms J gave us. Here is the list:
- Alison and Corrine- Internal and External Forces
They taught us using a powerpoint. I have summarised all that they have taught us (or at least what I have written down!), the magma forms under the volcano, then goes up the main vent. The magma pushes towards the crust and goes up the volcano (I guess this is where the 'internal forces' come in), and as I goes up, it becomes hotter. As it is rising, it becomes lava too. The lava can come out of the volcano slowly (as in flow down) or very fast. As the lava cools at an intense heat, it becomes Igneous rocks. That was all that I took down, and it isn't little either! I think they did a great job!
2. Us, Chrystal and Joanne- Distribution of Volcanoes
We also taught using powerpoint slides. If anyone wants the slides, please do not hesitate to tell me, and I'll email you ASAP. Anyway, here is the summarised version of our 'lesson'. Volcanoes are located at the margin of tectonic plates especially in subduction zones. They can be located at hotspots too. Tectonic plates are massive, irregularly shaped slabs of solid rock. Hotspots? They are fixed places within the mantle or oceanic lithosphere. Indonesia has the most number of volcanoes as Indonesia sits on the Ring of Fire. Did you learn anything special that day? :)
3. Esther and Jessica, Nicole and Cherie- Effects and Impacts
I decided that if I summarised these 2 groups together, it would be easier. Esther and Jessica used powerpoint slides while Nicole and Cherie used the board. So, in volcanic eruptions there are long and short term effects. There are positive and negative effects too. Long term effects are hazardous, because they can cause trouble such as lahars, which is mud mixed with lava. They can cause floods, if I am not wrong. For the positive effects, the lava and ash breaks down into sediments which are nutrition to make the soil fertile. However, there are negative effects, too, such as the ash the was erupted could cover the sun, making it dark and causing breathing difficulties for the people. All these link to the factors of an eruption. The factors are:
- quantities of lava, ashand tephra (volcanic materials) released
- how loud the eruption is
- amount of gas released
- the viscosity (Ms J compared water to honey. High- slower, like honey, low- fast, like water. It really worked. Honey is thicker and more concentrate than water. The level of viscosity shows the ability of the materials, and it measures a material's resistance to flow.)
4. Matthea, Natalie and Mildred- Types of volcanoes
They used the white board, and they were so thoughtful to print out the notes for us. It helped a lot. How come never I've thought of itt before? Anyway, the summary. The parts of a volcano are the pipe (conduit), the vent (the opening that the pipe leads to). There is also the crater ( the depression, a bowl-shaped opening), the magma chamber/reservoir (where the magma is stored), the flanks (which is the sides of a volcano), summit (the highest part of the volcano), the ash cloud (made up of powdered rock and lava), and, of course, the lava (magma that has reash=ched the Eatrh's surface). There are 3 different types of volcanoes- Shield volcano, Composite volcano and Cinder Cone volcano. They all have different characteristics.
After everyone has presented, Ms J recapped and then went on to the next topic, whch is rivers. I'll bet this is going to have to do with a little bit of History (because the Cradle of Civilisation is always beside rivers. Wait, have I gotten my facts wrong?). Ms J said that it might clash with what we have learnt in science. I am all prepared to take up the challenge, though, and see what does Geography have to say about rivers!
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